Office



Patented May 9, I899.

I. J. BABCDCK.

LUCK.

(Application filed Mar, 9, 1898.)

2 sham-sheet (No Model.)

(11400 14 {for Q. WQQ

QWW e 0012 o ms unamsyn'zns 09., morauma, WASHINGTON. n 04 No. 624,609. Patented May 9, I899. l. J. BABCOCK.

LOCK.

(Application filed Mar. 9, 1898.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

4N0 Model.)

*Wixtmeogeo IRA J. BABCOCK, on NEW YORK, N. Y.,

NlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 624,609, dated May 9, 1899.

Application filed March 9,1898. Serial No. 673,270. (No model.) i

is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in looks of the type known as key combina tion-locks, and is particularly applicable to rim-locks, although its essential features are not restricted to such locks.

The essential features of the invention may be designated as follows: The bolt is shifted through the oscillation of the tumbler-case,

which contains the locking-bar and tumblers. The tumblers, which are each capable of independent motion, are guided in a channel of the tumbler-case merely by reason of.

the shape of the tumblers and channel without necessitating any guide slots or pins. The locking-bar, which is actuated by the tumblers, carries cam or cams which travel in a slot in the fixed case in such manner that when the tumblers and locking bar are unlocked the tumbler-case can oscillate freely to shift the bolt; but when the tumblers and locking-bar are locked the tumbler-case is also firmly locked and the bolt cannot be unlocked. The bolt carries a shiftable lever, which is actuated by'the tumbler-case in such manner that when the bolt and works are locked this lever becomes a stop to prevent drawing back the bolt until the works are unlocked and takes up all the strain if an attempt is made to force back the bolt, so that no strain can come on the works. An obstruction to the movement of the tumblercase is provided such that normally said tumbler-case cannot oscillate so far in the unlocking direction as to permit withdrawing the key when the works are unlocked. Normally,

user of the lock can when he desires change the combination.

Referring to the drawings which accompany the specification to aid the description,

Figure 1, Sheet 1,is a section and plan of a rim-lock on the line 1 1 of Fig.2. This fig ure shows the bolt withdrawn and the works unlocked and the stop-pin 23 in the position it assumes when permitting the combination of tumblers to be changed. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a section and plan on a plane similar to that of Fig. 1, but showing the bolt and works locked. Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is an elevation of the tumbler-case. Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is a plan of the body of the tumbler-case, Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is a plan of the cap-plate of the tumbler-case; and Fig. 7 .is an edge view of said plate. Fig. 8 is an elevation of the keycylinder. Fig. 9 is a plan of a tumbler; Fig.

10, a plan of a washer; Fig. 11, an elevation of the locking-bar, and Fig. 12 an end view of the same.

A is the lock-case; B, the bolt; 0, the boltlocking lever pivoted on said bolt; D, the tumbler-case containing the tumblers E, lockingbar F, washer H, and key-cylinder G, which last forms the axis about which said tumblercase oscillates. Said bolt B is preferably provided with two parallel bolt-tails b b, each of which has a talon 2 and is rectilinearly guided in a channel t formed in case A. Said boltlocking lever O, pivoted between the bolt-tails at 6, is provided at one end with a head or dog 7, engaging when looked a shoulder 8 of lock-case A, Fig. 3, to prevent unlocking bolt B, and at the other end with means, such as hook 10, to be engaged by the tumbler-case D for shifting said lever O, as will be hereinafter described. The sleeve 11 positions said lever U properly between the bolt-tails, Fig. 2.

The tumbler-case D is preferably formed,as

shown, with a flat base 14 and solid part 15, which latter has a rectilinear guideway 16 for the tumblers E and a circular chamber 17 opened toward-said guideway 16, the wall of said chamber 17 formingashield around the keyhole to prevent feeling out the combination of locked tumblers. The cap-plate 18 is fastened on said tumbler-case by screwpins passed through holes 20 in said cap-plate normally prevent said tumblercase from turning so far as to permit of withdrawing the key when the tumblers and locking-bar are unlocked. By changing the adjustment of said pin 23 the said tumbler-case may be turned to permit of withdrawing the key and changing the combination of locked tumblers, as will be hereinafter described.

The aforesaid key-cylinder G is provided with necks g g, which have a working fit in the holes 24 25, respectively, of plate 14 and cap-plate 18 of tumbler-case D, and in corre* sponding holes in the plates of lock-case A, Fig. 2, is slotted at 28 for the bits of a key and equipped with a longitudinal rib or wing 29, which lines the tumblers fully up to the limits of their respective movements, as will be hereinafter explained. Adjacent to said hole in cap-plate 18 are key-slots 31 32,

arranged an angular distance apart equal to the angular oscillation of the tumbler-case D when allowed to move to its full limits. Said slot 31 corresponding to the locked position is normally in line with key-slot '35 in front plate a of lock-case A, so that the key can be withdrawn when some combination of tumblers is locked, but said slot 32 is normally out of line with said slot 35, so that the key cannot .be withdrawn when all the tumblers are unlocked.

The tumblers may either be round rotary tumblers or sliding tumblers, the locking-bar in both cases being of the same shape and having the same mode of operation as is hereinafter described. Vhen the tumblers are round, they will be placed in a round hole or chamber in the tumbler-case substantiallyin the manner shown in Figs. 2 and 5 of United States Letters Patent No. 615,207, dated November 29, 1898, and the tumblers, lockingbar, and key-cylinder will then operate substantially in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4 of United States Letters Patent No. 615,206, dated November 29, 1898, and described in the specification of said last-mentioned patent, and it is to be understood that whether round rotary or sliding tumblers are used the operation of the locking-bar, tumbler-case, bolt, and other parts of the lock is the same as hereinafter described for the sliding tum blers. l/Vhen such slidingtumblers are used, they will be preferably of the form shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings annexed to this application. On the side adjacent to the key each tumbler has recesses 40 41 42, spaced adistanceapart equal to the throw of the tumblers, recess 40 being adapted to be engaged by the key to "shift the tumbler, and 41 42 being false recesses to preventany indication being given from the keyhole of what tumblers are in the locked or unlocked positions, for in every case there will be two straight lines of recesses perceptible from the keyhole.

' On the side opposite to the key each tumbler has aprojection 44, adapted to rotate the locking-bar F, and shoulders 45 46, which are also virtually projections, to engage on said locking-bar F and limit the motions of the tumblers. The surfaces 48 49 50 of said projections 44 45 46 are preferably shaped, as shown, to permit of the locking-bar turning past said projections in the circumstances hereinafter explained.

Between each pair of tumblers is a washer H, of thin metal and preferably shaped as shown, with a recess 54 to permit of the passage and turning of the key-bits and points 55 56, which enter recesses 57 58 of the tumbler-case and hold said washers stationary, the curve 59 permitting of the free turning of the locking-bar F. Said locking-bar F of a length at least equal to the thickness of the assembled group of tumblers, Figs. 2 and 11, is preferably of metal, shaped in cross-section, as shown, and pivoted in the plates 14 18 of the tumbler-case D. As seen in cross-section, it has longitudinal arms 61 62, separated by a groove, arm 61, which is the locking-arm, being preferably hammer-shaped, as shown. When the locking-bar is in the unlocked position of Fig. .1, the cams ff on the ends thereof can pass freely along in the curved grooves 65 66, formed, respectively, in the plates or a of lock-case A; but when the locking-bar is in the locked position of Fig. 3 (the tumbler-case D being then in the position shown in the same figure) said cams turn crosswise in circular recesses 68, respectively, at the ends of said grooves 65 66, so as to prevent movingthelocking-bar back, and consequently the tumbler-case is locked in that position until the locking-bar is turned again to its unlocked position.

The operation is as follows: Suppose some combination of tumblers E and the bolt B to be locked, asin Fig. 3. To unlock, the key K, which last locked, or the exact duplicate thereof, is inserted, its bits passing through recess 35 of plate a and recess 31 of cap-plate 18. Then by turning the key in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 3, its bits will move all the locked tumblers to the unlocked position, and the projections 44 of such tumblers will rotate the locking-bar to the unlocked position, the locking-bar turning freely past the surfaces 48 50 of the unlockedtumblers. Continued pressure on the key now oscillates the tumbler-case D as a whole toward the position of Fig. 1, the cams ff of the lockingbar moving freely through the grooves 6566. As the tumbler-case oscillates its post 13, engaging in the hook 10, shifts lever C so that its end 7 clearsshoulder 8. The tumbler-case continuing to oscillate,'its post 13 engages the talons 2 and throws the bolt 13 back to the unlocked position of Fig. 1. Now the lock is open; but the key cannot be withdrawn, be-

cause the recess 32 of cap-plate 18, at which the bits of the key now are, is under the solid part of plate a of the lock-case A. Therefore to withdraw the key it must be turned in the reverse direction, first oscillating the tumbler-case D back to the position of Fig. 3. While the tumbler-case is moving, its post 13, engaging the talons 2, again shoots bolt B to the locked position. Then just as said post 13leaves the talons it engages hook 10 and turnslever O to the position of Fig. 3, wherein its end 7 engages shoulder v8 and prevents forcing back the bolt 13. to force back said bolt, all the strain is taken up by said lever C and no strain comes on the tumbler-case D or the tumblers or lookingbar, and to facilitate this result the bolt-tails b b are shaped at 12 adjacent to the talons 2, so as to just ease them off the post 13. Pres sure on the key continuing, the locked tumblers E turn the locking-bar F again to the position of Fig. 3, in which its camsff, turning in the recesses 68, as described, lock the tu mbler-case and therefore the look as a whole. The key can now be withdrawn.

To change the combination, the adjustable pin 23 is unscrewedto the position of- Fig. 1. Then the key which last locked or its exact duplicate is inserted and turned in the direction to unlock. The movements of the tumblers E, locking-bar F, tumbler-case D, lever C, and bolt B then take place as just described; but after the bolt B draws back the tumblercase continues to oscillate until the cams of the locking-bar come to the end of grooves 66. Now recess 32 of plate 18 is in line with recess 35 of plate a, the tumblers being unlocked, and the key may be withdrawn and another, with a different combination of bits, inserted and turned back to the locked position, again locking the bolt B and setting some new combination of tumblers in the locked position, whereupon the new key may be withdrawn. Now pin 23 willbe screwed home to prevent withdrawing the new key except when some combination of tumblers is locked. As cylinder G turns to the limits of its motions its rib 29, engaging a recess in all the tumblers, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3, lines all up to their proper respective positionst'. 6., until the locking-bar F prevents further movement of the tumblers.

Now having described my improvements, I claim as my invention 1. The combination in a lock, of a shiftable tumbler-case, tumblers and a l.ocking-bar adapted to be actuated by said tumblers, and a channel for said tumblers in said case, whereby the tumblers are guided rectilinearly Without slots or pins, substantially as described.

2. The combination in a lock, of a stationary case, a shiftable tumbler-case, tumblers and a locking-bar adapted to be actuated by said tumblers and to lock said tumbler-case, substantially as described.

If an effort is made 3. The combination in a lock, of a stationary case, a shiftable bolt, a shiftable tumblercase arranged to actuate said bolt, tumblers, and a locking-bar adapted to be actuated by said tumblers and to engage said stationary case and lock said tumbler-case, substantially as described.

4E. The combination in a lock, of a station ary case a shiftable bolt, a shiftable tumblercase, tumblers, and a-locking-bar adapted to engage a channel of said stationary case and lock said tumbler-case, substantially as de* scribed.

5. The combination in a lock, of a bolt, a bolt-locking lever, and a shiftable tumblercase adapted to actuate said lever, substantially as described. i 6. The combination in a lock, of a shittable bolt, a bolt-locking lever carried thereby, and a shiftable tumbler-case adapted to actuate said bolt and also said lever, substantially-as described.

7. The combination in a lock, of a stationary case, a shiftable bolt, a locking-lever carried thereby, a shiftable tu mbler-case adapted to actuate said lever, tumblers, and a lockingbar adapted to be actuated by said tumblers and to lock said tumbler-case, substantially as described.

8. The combination in a lock, of a stationary case, a shiftable bolt, a locking-lever carried thereby, a shiftable tumbler-case adapted to actuate said bolt and lever, tumblers, and a locking-bar adapted to be actuated by said tumblers and engage with said stationary case to lock said tumbler-case, substantially as described.

9. The combination in a lock, of a shiftable tumbler-case, independently-movable tumloo blers and a locking-bar therein, and an adjustable stop adapte'dto limit the motion of said tu mbler-case, for the purpose of preventing or permitting changing the locked combination of the tumblers, substantially as and for the purpose described.

10. The combination in a key cdmbinatiOn- 7 Witnesses:

BERNARD J. ISECKE, HENRY V. BROWN. 

